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Thomas is the first known Bishop of Finland. Only a few facts are known about his life. He resigned in 1245 and died in Visby three years later. == Biography == The only reference to Bishop Thomas during his episcopate in Finland is a letter signed by him in Nousiainen in 1234, which granted certain lands around the parish to his chaplain Wilhelm.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Letter by Bishop Thomas to his chaplain ). In Latin. Hosted by the (National Archive of Finland ). See () and ''Diplomatarium Fennicum'' from the menu.〕 The lands may be related to the papal permission from Pope Gregory IX in early 1229 that authorized the church to take over all non-Christian places of worship in Finland.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Letter by Pope Gregory IX ). In Latin.〕 The letter is the oldest surviving letter written in Finland. No further information on the bishop's activities has survived before he was granted resignation by Pope Innocent IV on 21 February 1245.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Letter by Pope Innocent IV ). In Latin.〕 According to the Pope, Thomas had admitted committing several felonies, such as torturing a man to death, and forging a papal letter.〔A mid-15th century chronicle ''(Chronicon episcoporum Finlandensium )'' by an unknown writer claimed that the reason for bishop's resignation was "fury of Curonians and Russians".〕 Church representatives to oversee the resignation were the Archbishop of Uppsala and the Dominican prior of the Dacian province.〔Dominican Dacian province covered Denmark and other Scandinavia. See ().〕 Thomas donated his books to the newly established Dominican convent in Sigtuna〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Confirmation of the donation ). In Latin. One of the books ("Cod. Ups. C 134") still survives, with a (curse ) written on it by the monks in case someone steals it. See also ().〕 and went on to live his last years in the Dominican convent in Visby, Gotland. He died there in 1248,〔The year of his death is from the ''Chronicon episcoporum Finlandensium''.〕 shortly before the Second Swedish Crusade which cemented the Swedish rule in Finland for more than 550 years. During Thomas' episcopate, Finland is listed among the lands under the papal legate in the Baltic region, originally the Bishop of Zemgale, Baldwin, and then William of Modena, first on 28 January 1232 and last on 15 July 1244.〔See Finland (Vinlandie, Winlandiam) mentioned among the lands under the legate: (), () and (). All in Latin.〕 This was a radical realignment of the bishopric's position, since the Pope had earlier used Swedish bishops to assist the Finnish church, as evident from papal letters from 1171 (or 1172), 1221 and 1229. On 24 November 1232, the Pope even asked the Livonian Brothers of the Sword to provide forces for the unnamed Bishop of Finland to defend the country against the Novgorodian attacks.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Letter by Pope Gregory IX ). In Latin.〕 After Thomas had resigned in 1245, there was no immediate successor to him. The diocese continued to be overseen by William at least until 5 June 1248.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Letter by William of Modena to the priest of Finland ). In Latin.〕 Finland is not listed among the Swedish dioceses in surviving documents from 1241 and 1248, but appears among them in 1253.〔''Suomen varhaiskeskiajan lähteitä'', 1989. ISBN 951-96006-1-2.〕 Even though Thomas is the first known Bishop of Finland, it is certain that he was not the first bishop overall. An unnamed Bishop of Finland is mentioned dead in a letter by Pope Innocent III already in 1209.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Letter by Pope Innocent III ) to the Archbishop of Lund. In Latin.〕 A 15th-century chronicle names bishops Henry, Rodulff and Folquinus before him, but no indisputable records survive of them. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thomas (bishop of Finland)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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